Nursing

Nursing Research

Between clinical practice, care coordination, and study management, research is now vital to nurses’ career success. However, most clinical nurses are not properly prepared to undertake the responsibility of research. It is important to be able to know how to

• Develop a research question and complete a literature review
• Be able to synthesize knowledge and write abstracts
• Understand elements of a well designed study

Other opportunities in research include securing grant funding for clinical research projects, and teaching staff how to conduct clinical research projects and how to present and publish their work. Nursing research focuses on four key areas that concentrate on optimizing health across the spectrum, from discovery to translation:

• Health Innovation: Advancing approaches using ideas, processes, products, procedures or interventions and health system changes to benefit the health of individuals, groups and populations.

• Population Health: Improving health outcomes of groups of individuals, including families and communities, and reducing health disparities within and between groups.

• Precision Health: Customizing evidence-based approaches to health that incorporates genomics, environment and lifestyle.

• Data Science: Facilitating knowledge discovery in biomedicine by applying contemporary analytics to large data to inform decision making in healthcare.

Develop a research mindset. Understand research as a process of asking questions and exploring. 

The quality of your research depends largely on the questions you ask. Practice asking a lot of them. Adopt the mindset of an explorer or investigator. What qualities and characteristics do successful explorers and investigators have?  Develop a plan; where will you start?  As you begin to explore, you will discover that research can be messy. Expect and welcome twists and turns, keep an open mind, and keep asking questions throughout the process. Use many different kinds of search tools and resources, and conduct many different kinds of searches. 

Research takes time and patience; it can also be fun and has value.

Developing your research skills will enable you to identify a problem, collect informational resources that can help address the problem, evaluate these resources for quality and relevance, and come up with an effective solution to a problem. Research skills develop critical thinking and equip you to write better research papers and craft better speeches. You will also improve problem solving skills required to tackle issues in your personal life and in the workplace. 

Follow these steps.

Keep an open mind. You may need to refine your topic, ask new questions, and repeat steps as you go along.

1. Identify and define your topic. Put your research topic into a question such as, "What is the debate surrounding vaccination refusal?" Now you can identify the main concepts and keywords, including alternate terms, for your topic.

2. Background reading will deepen your understanding and vocabulary around the topic, which will help you identify search terms and develop an effective research question. Subject encyclopedias (in print or in Credo Reference) are excellent resources. 

3. Use ArcherSearch or the library catalog to find books. 

4. Use ArcherSearch or individual databases to find articles from magazines, journals and newspapers. Choose appropriate databases for your topic.

5. Search for credible website resources. Try the librarian-recommended websites on this guide.

6. Always evaluate what you find. Consider timeliness, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose.

7. Cite your sources. Citing gives proper credit to the authors of materials you use and allows your professors to verify your conclusions. 

Keyword Searching

Keyword searching is used by internet search engines, databases, and the library catalog. Keep in mind that the search will find matches for specific words, not concepts. The default in the library catalog (and most databases) is to find results that include every word in your search. Think of this as using AND between the words: 

• nursing AND careers AND education
• nursing careers education

The two searches above are the same, and will find all books in the library catalog that have all three words in the description of the book. 

If you want to find a specific phrase, with the words next to each other in order, use double quotation marks around the phrase:

• "nursing care plans" 

You might want to broaden your search to include synonyms or other related words. To find either of two words or phrases, use OR between them:

•  nutrition OR diet
• (nutrition OR diet) AND diabetes

You can also use truncation to search for different forms of a word. The asterisk * is used in the library catalog and many databases for this. 

• patient AND educat*
• (patient OR consumer) AND educat*

In the above searches, educat* will find the words educate, educated, education, etc. 

When combining searches, use parentheses () around different parts of the search, as in the examples above. 

Use the filters or limits to see just a subset of your search results. Depending on the tool you are using, search limits may show up in the left margin, at the top of the results, or below the search box. 

Date

Date limits are especially useful to filter out older, outdated material. You can usually choose a preset limit such as "current 5 years," or set a custom range of publication dates. 

Scholarly/Peer-Reviewed Journals

This will limit to only journals that publish articles that have undergone a rigorous peer-review process. These are usually articles that report on a specific study, analysis, experiment, or other piece of the research. Some scholarly/peer-reviewed articles are systematic reviews which survey a wide range of published peer-reviewed articles to give an overview of the current state of knowledge on the topic.

Subject

The Subject limit will help you narrow your results by subject terms. These are like tags or labels; they indicate that the book, article, or other source focuses on the subject of interest. Without this limit, you may find items that include your search words but are not about your topic. Keep in mind that different databases may use different subject terms.  

Full Text

The Full-text limit is already applied for most searches. It is very useful to filter out articles where you only have access to a citation or a description of an article, not the full the full article. Unless you are required to find everything out there is published on a given subject, this limit should be applied every time you search. If you do find resources that are not full text but would be useful to you, STLCC Libraries may be able provide them. See the Borrowing from Other Libraries page for details and the form for requests.